
Avenc Montserrat Ubach
Important 202-metre-deep cave in Solsonès (Odèn), with two entrances, large shafts and a rich history of exploration since 1963.
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Avenc Montserrat Ubach
Important 202-metre-deep cave in Solsonès (Odèn), with two entrances, large shafts and a rich history of exploration since 1963.
Odèn · Solsonès
Length: 402 m · Depth: 202 m
Updated record
https://espeleoworld.com/en/c/avenc-montserrat-ubach
Information can change. Always verify coordinates, access, weather, and cave conditions before setting out.
Important 202-metre-deep cave in Solsonès (Odèn), with two entrances, large shafts and a rich history of exploration since 1963.
Topographic
Espeleoindex · CC BY-NC 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ · Image © its author.
Photos
Espeleoindex · CC BY-NC 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ · Image © its author.
Description
Morphology
The cave has two entrances connected by a ramp; the upper one hangs on the wall 10 metres above the lower one, the latter being the usual access. The 3x2.5 metre entrance gives access to a ramp, at the end of which a 27.5 metre shaft opens; at the same time, a 9 metre handline begins that skirts the shaft (Via ECG), followed by a 6 metre-long crawl that leads to a small chamber and immediately afterwards we find a 34.5 metre shaft; 4 metres down it, we find a small ledge formed by a large wedged block; here an 8.5 metre shaft begins, followed by two drops until reaching a small chamber where it becomes impassable. If we continue down the main shaft we will find a ledge at 25 metres; the base is wide and elongated and on the O side we can descend 3.5 metres without a rope, finding a narrow joint with clay, guano and unstable walls; after a succession of narrow passages we reach a large ascending shaft, its base being six metres below at -80 metres; before descending it, however, behind us we find a narrow passage through which 6.5 metres can be descended, this route ending at -83 metres.
Back at the entrance ramp, we will descend the 27.4 metre shaft of circular section; the ramp base places us on an upper false floor, at the end of which a new 27.7 metre vertical opens; in this shaft, if we ignored the false floor and descended from its beginning, we would find two ledges situated at -6 and -13 metres (Pou dels Replans). At one end of the base and within a marly stratum the third shaft of 22 metres opens (Pou de la Xineta), which is also connected by its upper part with the base of the second, by means of a narrow conduit. At the bottom of this third shaft three branches emerge, one of which, very narrow, leads to a small lateral spindle, while on the opposite side another small inclined gallery opens laterally into a wide shaft 12 metres above the base of the fourth shaft. This same point can also be reached by ascending 4 metres from the base of the third shaft, until reaching a large window that gives access to a vertical in which at 7 metres a large gour develops and after a narrowing descends to the base of the fourth shaft. Just on the ground a crawl opens which after 5 metres leads into a 3 metre vertical, where a sling is needed; at the base we find a wide gallery at the end of which we find a dome 13 metres high and the floor full of large blocks; among them the entrance of the fifth shaft of 22 metres opens, which has a ledge at -8 metres (depending on where it is rigged, one descends directly). Once at the base, it widens towards the N, where we find the entrance of the sixth shaft of 23 metres with a ledge at -14 metres. At the bottom of this shaft, a steep ramp and several drops begin, starting the seventh shaft. This is reached laterally and in mid-air; the bottom forms a narrow gallery totally occupied by clay, ending in a last small 2 metre shaft. This point can also be reached by a window situated 4 metres above the base of a lateral spindle of the ramp before the shaft; the descent on this side presents an inclination of 80º until reaching a clayey ramp that places us at the same final point indicated above. The total depth is 202 metres (-198.5/+3.5).
History
On 14 to 19 April 1963, during a prospecting campaign in which Montse Ubach, Carme Tarrés and J. Ubach, of the EDES of the CECB, took part, they located a cave with no specific name in the surroundings of the Cavallera house; it seems that the locals of the area called it “la Bòfia”.
On 2 and 3 June 1963 and within the so-called “Operació Solsonès”, with the participation of Montse Ubach, C. Tarrés, J. Ubach (EDES-CECB); J. Subils, A. Arnal (EDECA); J. Senent (ERE-CEC); F. Alabart, E. Sabaté (SIRE-UEC) and C. Rostand (CE Pirenaic), they descended the cave to -80 metres, being stopped by lack of material. The participants agreed to name the cave after its discoverer, Montserrat Ubach, when initially it had been proposed to name it “Avenc de la Boca del Boix”.
On 28, 29 and 30 June 1963 the same members of the previous exploration, with the addition of Oleguer Escolà (ERE-CEC), together with 240 metres of ladders, entered the cave at 9 in the morning on the 29th and came out after 33 hours of exploration at 6 in the afternoon on the 30th. In this first exploration it was erroneously given a depth of -217 metres, which was corrected to -210 in the first survey carried out.
One year later, and with the data and details of the exploration provided by the previous explorers, a team of GES of the CMB formed by JM. Torras, R. Parera, A. Masriera, C. Masriera, and D. Vergès explored the cave, taking a measurement of it that gave a depth of 202 metres. They published a note on the exploration in the newspaper “La Vanguardia Española”, changing the name of the cave to “Bòfia de Torremàs”. The controversy over the name of the cave lasted quite a few years, giving rise to various articles on the subject. It seems, however, that the name of Montserrat Ubach has ended up being accepted by the majority within the speleological sphere, although currently on the ICC 1:50000 map it still appears as Bòfia de Torremàs.
In 1982 a new survey carried out by members of the Espeleo Club de Gràcia was published; this gives a depth of -198.6 metres.
In 1985, again members of the EC de Gràcia made a delicate traverse above the first shaft and discovered the route Espeleo Club de Gràcia, which independently of the rest of the shafts reaches the -83 metre level. Also at the upper entrance they placed a level of +3.5 metres with respect to this entrance, this gives a depth of 202 metres (-189.5/+3.5).
Bio
Coleoptera: Speonomus (Speonomus) mengeli Jeannel 1910 (widely distributed throughout the caves of northern Solsonès).
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Bibliography
- Borràs,J; Miñarro,JM; Talavera,F.(1980).-”l'Urgell, el Solsonès, la Segarra i el Berguedà”, Catàleg Espeleològic de Catalunya (vol5):1-234. Ed. Políglota. Barcelona.
- Canet, Llorenç; de Valles, Jordi.(1985).-”Nova via de la Bòfia de Torremàs”. Exploracions (9):57-60. ECG. Barcelona.
- Cardona i Oliván, Ferran.(1989).-Grans Cavitats de Catalunya (Primer Volum):1-198. ECG. Barcelona.
- ECG.(1982).- Topografia de la Bòfia de Torremàs. Exploracions (6):124. ECG. Barcelona.
- Escolà,O.(1968).-”Datos para la historia de un Avenc: Avenc Montserrat Ubach -210m. Operació Solsonès 1963-1965 (1)”. Espeleòleg (6):201-205. ERE-CEC. Barcelona.
- Lloret Prieto,Jordi.(1985).-”Avenc Montserrat Ubach, rècord de fondària de Catalunya (1963-1978). Vintè aniversari del seu descobriment”. Espeleòleg (36):38-40. ERE-CEC. Barcelona.
- Puch, Carlos.(1998).-Grandes Cuevas y Simas de España (1-794). ECG. Barcelona.
- Ubach, Montserrat; Escolà, Oleguer.(1968).-”Operació Solsonès” Espeleòleg (5):158-163. ERE-CEC. Barcelona.
- Actualització de coordenades i altres dades facilitades per Montserrat Ubach i Eduard Badiella (desembre 2018)
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